The 1909-S VDB Lincoln cent is one of the most iconic and sought-after coins in United States numismatics. However, its popularity has made it a prime target for counterfeiters. Whether you are a seasoned collector or a newcomer to coin collecting, learning to identify genuine examples of this coin is crucial to avoid falling victim to forgeries. This guide will delve into the history, common counterfeit techniques, diagnostic tips, mintmark positions, and answer frequently asked questions about this legendary coin.
The Legacy of the 1909-S VDB Lincoln Cent
The 1909-S VDB Lincoln cent was part of the first year of production for the Lincoln cent series. Designed by Victor David Brenner, this cent featured his initials “V.D.B.” on the reverse, just below the wheat stalks. However, public backlash against the prominent placement of the initials led to their removal later in the year. This change resulted in a low mintage of only 484,000 coins bearing the “S” mintmark (signifying the San Francisco Mint) and the “V.D.B.” initials, making it a prized collectible.
Why Is It Commonly Counterfeited?
The rarity and high value of the 1909-S VDB Lincoln cent have made it an attractive target for counterfeiters. Even a poor-quality genuine example can fetch hundreds of dollars, while well-preserved specimens are worth thousands. For counterfeiters, altering a common 1909 cent by adding an “S” mintmark or “V.D.B.” initials is a simple way to mimic the appearance of this rare coin.
Most Common Types of Counterfeits
Counterfeits of the 1909-S VDB Lincoln cent usually fall into two categories:
- Added Mintmark
- A counterfeit “S” mintmark is added to a genuine 1909 cent without a mintmark.
- Added “V.D.B.”
- The “V.D.B.” initials are engraved onto a genuine 1909 cent lacking them.
These small modifications can transform a coin worth a few cents into one that appears to be worth a fortune, underscoring the importance of careful examination.
Diagnostic Tips for Identifying Counterfeits
Identifying a fake 1909-S VDB Lincoln cent requires close inspection and familiarity with its characteristics. Here are some diagnostic tips:
1. Compare Mintmark Position
Authentic 1909-S VDB cents feature one of four known mintmark positions. If the position of the mintmark on a coin doesn’t align with these positions, the coin is almost certainly counterfeit.
2. Check for Tool Marks
Counterfeiters often leave tool marks around the “S” mintmark or “V.D.B.” initials. Look for signs of tampering, such as scratches or uneven surfaces.
3. Inspect Detail Weakness
Genuine 1909-S VDB cents exhibit uniform detail quality. Unusually weak or inconsistent details may indicate a forgery.
4. Look for the Raised Dot
All genuine “S” mintmarks on 1909-S VDB cents feature a small raised dot inside the upper curve of the “S.”
Mintmark Positions Table
Below is a table illustrating the four authentic mintmark positions:
| Mintmark Position | Description | Key Features |
|---|---|---|
| Position 1 | Left of the 9 | Clear spacing from numbers |
| Position 2 | Centered between 0 and 9 | Balanced appearance |
| Position 3 | Slightly right of the 0 | Aligns with bottom curve of 9 |
| Position 4 | Farther right, near edge | Not touching any numerals |
Conclusion
The 1909-S VDB Lincoln cent is an icon of American coinage and a dream coin for many collectors. However, its desirability has made it a frequent target for counterfeiters. By learning to recognize genuine mintmark positions, spotting signs of tampering, and consulting professional graders, collectors can protect themselves from forgeries. With proper knowledge and caution, the thrill of owning this historic coin becomes even more rewarding.
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FAQs
1. Why is the 1909-S VDB Lincoln cent so valuable?
The combination of its low mintage, historical significance as the first Lincoln cent, and the controversy surrounding the “V.D.B.” initials contribute to its high value.
2. How can I tell if a coin is authentic?
Compare the mintmark position, look for the raised dot inside the “S,” and inspect for tool marks or unusual details. Professional grading services like NGC can also verify authenticity.
3. What is the value of a genuine 1909-S VDB Lincoln cent?
Values vary based on condition, ranging from a few hundred dollars for heavily worn examples to over $1,000 for well-preserved specimens.
4. Are all 1909 Lincoln cents valuable?
No. Only the 1909-S VDB and other rare varieties (e.g., 1909-S without “V.D.B.”) command high values. Most 1909 Lincoln cents are common and worth only a few cents.
5. Should I clean my coin to improve its appearance?
No. Cleaning can damage a coin’s surface and significantly reduce its value.