The 1856 Flying Eagle cent holds a special place in the history of American coinage. Though technically a pattern coin, its widespread appeal, rarity, and unique design have made it a coveted item for collectors. It marked a transition in U.S. coinage from large copper cents to smaller, more practical copper-nickel coins. This shift was part of a broader effort to modernize the nation’s currency.
In this expanded article, we will explore the history, design, rarity, and enduring appeal of the 1856 Flying Eagle cent, a coin that has fascinated collectors for over 150 years.
History of the 1856 Flying Eagle Cent
The 1856 Flying Eagle cent was initially struck as a pattern coin to demonstrate the practicality of smaller, copper-nickel coins. These were intended to replace the cumbersome large copper cents that had been in circulation since 1793. By late 1856, approximately 1,000 to 2,000 pieces were minted. These coins were distributed to influential individuals such as congressmen, newspaper editors, and Treasury Department officials to gather support for the new coinage.
On February 21, 1857, Congress officially approved the production of the Flying Eagle cent, making the copper-nickel composition a reality. This marked the beginning of the small cent era, with the 1856 pattern coin becoming an iconic precursor.
Design Features of the 1856 Flying Eagle Cent
The Flying Eagle cent’s design was inspired by earlier works of Christian Gobrecht, who had designed silver dollars featuring a similar eagle motif in the 1830s.
- Obverse: A soaring eagle in flight, symbolizing strength and progress.
- Reverse: A wreath of agricultural products, representing prosperity and unity, similar to the motifs used in gold coins like the three-dollar piece of 1854.
This intricate design made the coin aesthetically appealing and unique among 19th-century coinage.
Why is the 1856 Flying Eagle Cent So Rare?
The rarity of the 1856 Flying Eagle cent is primarily due to its low mintage. Only around 2,000 coins were produced, and many were distributed selectively. Over time, the Mint created restrikes to meet the growing demand from collectors, but these were limited in number as well.
Additionally, the coin’s rarity is compounded by its dual identity as both a pattern and a regular-issue coin. While technically not part of the standard series, it has been adopted into the small cent lineup by collectors and numismatic societies.
Significance in Numismatics
The introduction of the 1856 Flying Eagle cent sparked a revolution in coin collecting. Its release coincided with a growing interest in numismatics, prompting many Americans to preserve old coins.
By 1859, the coin was already trading at $1 — a significant premium at the time, as this was equivalent to a day’s wage for many. This demand led the U.S. Mint to produce restrikes to satisfy collectors, further cementing its place as one of the most desirable U.S. coins.
Variations and Proofs
The 1856 Flying Eagle cent exists in two primary formats:
- Original Mint State Coins: These were distributed to officials and are characterized by frosty surfaces.
- Proof Coins: Produced later using repolished dies, these have highly reflective surfaces.
While it’s estimated that 1,500 to 2,500 restrike Proofs were made, distinguishing between Mint State and Proof coins remains challenging due to overlapping characteristics.
The 1856 Flying Eagle Cent in Modern Collecting
Today, the 1856 Flying Eagle cent is a prized possession in numismatic circles. Its value depends on factors such as condition, provenance, and type (original vs. restrike). An example in pristine condition can fetch tens of thousands of dollars at auctions, making it a true treasure for collectors.
Table: Key Details of the 1856 Flying Eagle Cent
| Attribute | Details |
|---|---|
| Year of Issue | 1856 |
| Mintage | Estimated 2,000 (including restrikes) |
| Composition | 88% copper, 12% nickel |
| Designer | Christian Gobrecht |
| Obverse Design | Soaring eagle in flight |
| Reverse Design | Wreath of agricultural products |
| Current Value | $10,000 to $100,000+ (depending on condition) |
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FAQs
1. Why is the 1856 Flying Eagle cent so valuable?
Its rarity, historical significance, and appeal as one of the first small cents make it highly desirable among collectors.
2. How can you distinguish an original 1856 Flying Eagle cent from a restrike?
Originals often have frosty surfaces, while restrikes are usually Proof coins with more reflective finishes.
3. What is the estimated value of an 1856 Flying Eagle cent today?
Depending on condition and type, values range from $10,000 to over $100,000.
4. Was the 1856 Flying Eagle cent ever circulated?
No, it was struck as a pattern coin and distributed primarily to officials and collectors.
5. How many 1856 Flying Eagle cents exist today?
Around 1,500 to 2,500 coins are believed to exist, including restrikes.